Palabras clave
Crecimiento económico
América Latina
análisis empírico
siglo XX
macroeconomía
renta per cápita
América Latina
análisis empírico
siglo XX
macroeconomía
renta per cápita
Cómo citar
Rivera Garzón, N., & Rivera Lozano, M. (2021). Crecimiento económico de América Latina: 1951-2000. Conocimiento Global, 6(1), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.70165/cglobal.v6i1.118
Resumen
El objetivo del artículo es identificar los determinantes del crecimiento económico en América Latina para el período 1951-2000. Para ello, se estiman tres modelos de efectos fijos con datos panel, capaces de controlar heterogeneidad no observable dentro de la muestra. Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento del nivel de ingreso latinoamericano tiene una relación positiva y significativa con el stock de capital, el crecimiento de la población, el consumo final de los hogares, la formación bruta de capital y el volumen de exportaciones. Mientras que el número de habitantes en un momento dado, el consumo final del gobierno general y el nivel de inflación tienen una relación negativa. El número de habitantes latinoamericanos creció, tenían más riqueza e ingresos a fines del siglo XX, sus niveles de educación aumentaron y en general: su calidad de vida mejoró.
Citas
Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2005). Unbundling Institutions. Journal of Political Economy, 113(5), 949-995. https://doi.org/10.1086/432166
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation. The American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369-1401. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.5.1369
Ahn, T. K., Ostrom, E., & Walker, J. M. (2003). Heterogeneous Preferences and Collective Action. Public Choice, 117(3/4), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PUCH.0000003739.54365.fd
Alesina, A., & Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive Politics and Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465-490. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118470
Alesina, A., Özler, S., Roubini, N., & Swagel, P. (1996). Political Instability and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138862
Altman, D., & Castiglioni, R. (2009). Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972-2001. Revue canadienne de science politique, 42(2), 297-319.
Barro, R. (1999). Notes on Growth Accounting. Journal of Economic Growth, 4(2), 119-137.
Barro, R. (2000). Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5-32.
Barro, R., & Ursúa, J. (2008). Macroeconomic Crises since 1870. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2008, 255-335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.0.0000
Blanchard, O., Amighini, A., & Giavazzi, F. (2012). Macroeconomía. Madrid: Pearson Educación, S.A.
Blyde, J. S., Daude, C., & Fernández-Arias, E. (2010). Output collapses and productivity destruction. Review of World Economics, 146(2), 359-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-010-0051-0
Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., Jong, H. d., & Zanden, J. L. (2018). Rebasing ‘Maddison’: new income comparisons and the shape of long-run economic development. Maddison Project Working paper 10.
Chen, B.-L. (1999). Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Evidence in East Asia and Latin America. Journal of Economic Integration, 14(2), 265-295.
Cottani, J. A., Cavallo, D. F., & Khan, M. S. (1990). Real Exchange Rate Behavior and Economic Performance in LDCs. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39(1), 61-76.
Dagum, C. (1964). La Integración y el Crecimiento Económico en América Latina. Desarrollo Económico, 4(14/15), 237-262.
Díaz, H. O., & Navarrete, R. A. (2017). Crecimiento, competitividad y restricción externa en América Latina. Investigación Económica, 76(300), 53-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inveco.2017.06.001
Easterly, W. (2010). Democratic Accountability in Development: The Double Standard. Social Research, 77(4), 1075-1104.
Engerman, S., & Sokoloff, K. (2002). Factor endowments, inequality, and paths of development among. Working paper 9259, NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w9259
Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, infrastructure, and economic growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443– 477. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00105-0
Feenstra, R., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2015). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130954
Fernández-Arias, E., & Montiel, P. (2001). Reform and Growth in Latin America: All Pain, No Gain? IMF Staff Papers(3 (2001)), 522-546.
Frank, R. H., & Levine, A. S. (2007). Expenditure Cascades. AEA 2007 Conf. Papers.
Gramlich, E. (1994). Infrastructure Investment: A Review Essay. Journal of Economic Literature, 32(3), 1176-1196.
Hernández, I. (2005). Teoría política y fiscal. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Hutchinson, G. A., & Schumacher, L. (1997). Fiscal expenditure policy and economic growth: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. Social and Economic Studies, 46(4), 1-16.
Imran, M., & Niazi, J. (2011). Infrastructure and Growth. The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 355-364.
Janssen, M., & Ostrom, E. (2006). Empirically Based, Agent-based models. Ecology and Society, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hescom.2018.02.003
Jaramillo, J., Meisel, A., & Ramírez, M. T. (2017). More than One Hundred Years of Improvements in Living Standards: the Case of Colombia. Borradores de Economia 1027, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without governance. Economia, 3(1), 169-229.
Kaufmann, D., & Vicente, P. (2011). Legal corruption. Economics & Politics, 23(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00377.x
Lorente, L. (2018). Dinámica del crecimiento económico. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Matsuyama, K. (2002). The Rise of Mass Consumption Societies. The Journal of Political Economy, 110(5), 1035-1070. https://doi.org/10.1086/341873
Naveed, A., & Shabbir, G. (2006). Trade openness, FDI and economic growth: A Panel Study. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 44(1), 137-154.
North, D. (1991). Institutions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
Nunn, N. (2009). The Importance of History for Economic Development. Annual Review of Economics, 1, 65–92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143336
Ormerod, P. (2010). Nudge plus networks. RSA Journal, 156(5543), 10-15.
Orozco, C., & Rivera, N. (2018). Instituciones como factor decisivo para el crecimiento económico. Econografos - Escuela de Economía (120).
Ostrom, E. (1999). Polycentricity, Complexity, and the Commons. The Good Society, 9(2), 37-41.
Ostrom, E. (2010). The Challenge of Self-Governance in Complex Contemporary Environments. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 24(4), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2010.0020
Ramírez, M. T. (2007). Efectos de Eslabonamiento de la Infraestructura de Transporte sobre la Economía Colombiana: 1900-1950. In J. Robinson, & M. Urrutia, Economía colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo (pp. 383-457). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Reinhart, C. (2002). Default, Currency Crises, and Sovereign Credit Ratings. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(2), 151-170.
Reinhart, C., & Rogoff, K. (2009). The Aftermath of Financial Crises. The American Economic Review, 99(2), 466-472. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.466
Reinhart, C., & Rogoff, K. (2011). From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1676-1706. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1676
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2019). Crisis financieras: esta vez no es distinto. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 11(1). http://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.2019.11.1.8
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2019a). A complex toolbox for the 21st century economist, Aglala 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.22519/22157360.1442
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2020). Crecimiento económico de América Latina en el siglo XX., Panorama Económico, 28(3), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.32997/pe-2020-2696
Rivera-Batiz, L. A., & Romer, P. (1991). Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 531-555.
Rodrik, D. (2008). The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2008, 365-412.
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: the primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. (K. A. Publishers, Ed.) Journal of economic growth, 9(2), 131-165.
Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
Sachs, J. (2002). Resolving the Debt Crisis of Low-Income Countries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 33(1), 257-286.
Schumpeter, J. (1911). The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Solow, R. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
Solow, R. (2008). The State of Macroeconomics. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(1), 243-246.
Stiglitz, J., & Gallegati, M. (2011). Heterogeneous Interacting Agent Models for Understanding Monetary Economies. Eastern Economic Journal, 37(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2010.33
Thaler, R. (2000). From Homo Economicus to Homo Sapiens. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(1), 133-141.
Thornton, J. (2001). Population Growth and Economic Growth: Long-Run Evidence from Latin America. Southern Economic Journal, 68(2), 464-468.
Young, A. (1928). Increasing Returns and Economic Progress. The Economic Journal, 38(152), 527-542. https://doi.org/10.2307/2224097
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation. The American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369-1401. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.5.1369
Ahn, T. K., Ostrom, E., & Walker, J. M. (2003). Heterogeneous Preferences and Collective Action. Public Choice, 117(3/4), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PUCH.0000003739.54365.fd
Alesina, A., & Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive Politics and Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465-490. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118470
Alesina, A., Özler, S., Roubini, N., & Swagel, P. (1996). Political Instability and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138862
Altman, D., & Castiglioni, R. (2009). Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972-2001. Revue canadienne de science politique, 42(2), 297-319.
Barro, R. (1999). Notes on Growth Accounting. Journal of Economic Growth, 4(2), 119-137.
Barro, R. (2000). Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5-32.
Barro, R., & Ursúa, J. (2008). Macroeconomic Crises since 1870. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2008, 255-335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.0.0000
Blanchard, O., Amighini, A., & Giavazzi, F. (2012). Macroeconomía. Madrid: Pearson Educación, S.A.
Blyde, J. S., Daude, C., & Fernández-Arias, E. (2010). Output collapses and productivity destruction. Review of World Economics, 146(2), 359-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-010-0051-0
Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., Jong, H. d., & Zanden, J. L. (2018). Rebasing ‘Maddison’: new income comparisons and the shape of long-run economic development. Maddison Project Working paper 10.
Chen, B.-L. (1999). Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Evidence in East Asia and Latin America. Journal of Economic Integration, 14(2), 265-295.
Cottani, J. A., Cavallo, D. F., & Khan, M. S. (1990). Real Exchange Rate Behavior and Economic Performance in LDCs. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39(1), 61-76.
Dagum, C. (1964). La Integración y el Crecimiento Económico en América Latina. Desarrollo Económico, 4(14/15), 237-262.
Díaz, H. O., & Navarrete, R. A. (2017). Crecimiento, competitividad y restricción externa en América Latina. Investigación Económica, 76(300), 53-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inveco.2017.06.001
Easterly, W. (2010). Democratic Accountability in Development: The Double Standard. Social Research, 77(4), 1075-1104.
Engerman, S., & Sokoloff, K. (2002). Factor endowments, inequality, and paths of development among. Working paper 9259, NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w9259
Esfahani, H. S., & Ramírez, M. T. (2003). Institutions, infrastructure, and economic growth. Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 443– 477. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00105-0
Feenstra, R., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2015). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130954
Fernández-Arias, E., & Montiel, P. (2001). Reform and Growth in Latin America: All Pain, No Gain? IMF Staff Papers(3 (2001)), 522-546.
Frank, R. H., & Levine, A. S. (2007). Expenditure Cascades. AEA 2007 Conf. Papers.
Gramlich, E. (1994). Infrastructure Investment: A Review Essay. Journal of Economic Literature, 32(3), 1176-1196.
Hernández, I. (2005). Teoría política y fiscal. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Hutchinson, G. A., & Schumacher, L. (1997). Fiscal expenditure policy and economic growth: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. Social and Economic Studies, 46(4), 1-16.
Imran, M., & Niazi, J. (2011). Infrastructure and Growth. The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 355-364.
Janssen, M., & Ostrom, E. (2006). Empirically Based, Agent-based models. Ecology and Society, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hescom.2018.02.003
Jaramillo, J., Meisel, A., & Ramírez, M. T. (2017). More than One Hundred Years of Improvements in Living Standards: the Case of Colombia. Borradores de Economia 1027, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without governance. Economia, 3(1), 169-229.
Kaufmann, D., & Vicente, P. (2011). Legal corruption. Economics & Politics, 23(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00377.x
Lorente, L. (2018). Dinámica del crecimiento económico. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Matsuyama, K. (2002). The Rise of Mass Consumption Societies. The Journal of Political Economy, 110(5), 1035-1070. https://doi.org/10.1086/341873
Naveed, A., & Shabbir, G. (2006). Trade openness, FDI and economic growth: A Panel Study. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 44(1), 137-154.
North, D. (1991). Institutions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
Nunn, N. (2009). The Importance of History for Economic Development. Annual Review of Economics, 1, 65–92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143336
Ormerod, P. (2010). Nudge plus networks. RSA Journal, 156(5543), 10-15.
Orozco, C., & Rivera, N. (2018). Instituciones como factor decisivo para el crecimiento económico. Econografos - Escuela de Economía (120).
Ostrom, E. (1999). Polycentricity, Complexity, and the Commons. The Good Society, 9(2), 37-41.
Ostrom, E. (2010). The Challenge of Self-Governance in Complex Contemporary Environments. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 24(4), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2010.0020
Ramírez, M. T. (2007). Efectos de Eslabonamiento de la Infraestructura de Transporte sobre la Economía Colombiana: 1900-1950. In J. Robinson, & M. Urrutia, Economía colombiana del siglo XX: Un análisis cuantitativo (pp. 383-457). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Reinhart, C. (2002). Default, Currency Crises, and Sovereign Credit Ratings. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(2), 151-170.
Reinhart, C., & Rogoff, K. (2009). The Aftermath of Financial Crises. The American Economic Review, 99(2), 466-472. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.466
Reinhart, C., & Rogoff, K. (2011). From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1676-1706. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1676
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2019). Crisis financieras: esta vez no es distinto. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 11(1). http://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.2019.11.1.8
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2019a). A complex toolbox for the 21st century economist, Aglala 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.22519/22157360.1442
Rivera Lozano, M., & Rivera Garzón, N. (2020). Crecimiento económico de América Latina en el siglo XX., Panorama Económico, 28(3), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.32997/pe-2020-2696
Rivera-Batiz, L. A., & Romer, P. (1991). Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 531-555.
Rodrik, D. (2008). The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2008, 365-412.
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: the primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. (K. A. Publishers, Ed.) Journal of economic growth, 9(2), 131-165.
Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
Sachs, J. (2002). Resolving the Debt Crisis of Low-Income Countries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 33(1), 257-286.
Schumpeter, J. (1911). The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Solow, R. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513
Solow, R. (2008). The State of Macroeconomics. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(1), 243-246.
Stiglitz, J., & Gallegati, M. (2011). Heterogeneous Interacting Agent Models for Understanding Monetary Economies. Eastern Economic Journal, 37(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2010.33
Thaler, R. (2000). From Homo Economicus to Homo Sapiens. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(1), 133-141.
Thornton, J. (2001). Population Growth and Economic Growth: Long-Run Evidence from Latin America. Southern Economic Journal, 68(2), 464-468.
Young, A. (1928). Increasing Returns and Economic Progress. The Economic Journal, 38(152), 527-542. https://doi.org/10.2307/2224097
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