Resumen
La infección de Parvovirus B19 durante la gestación comprende una problemática en la salud pública, por sus implicaciones en la salud materno-fetal, ocasionando complicaciones como abortos, hidropesía fetal, e inclusive la muerte fetal. El objetivo fue analizar el Parvovirus B19 durante el embarazo y sus implicaciones para la salud fetal, la metodología fue revisión sistemática de tipo descriptiva mediante buscadores científicos como Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, Elsevier, publicados desde enero 2020 hasta enero 2025. Los resultados demuestran la prevalencia de Parvovirus B19 a nivel mundial, en Asia fue del 56,3% IgM (n=121) - 49,7% IgG (n=40), mientras que el 9,7% IgG (n=23) – 2,3% IgM (n=4) fue la más baja, África presentó el 65% IgM (n=13) y 44,3% IgG(n=54), en relaciona al 2,1% IgM (n=2), Europa el 67,4% IgG (n=153) - 60,9% IgG(n=106), mientras que el 11% IgM (n=37) de anticuerpos presentan Finlandia, en América del Sur fue del 67,5% IgG (n=214) - 40,8% IgM (n=73), además de presentar frecuencias bajas del 10,6% (n=32) IgG y 1,4% IgM (n=4), en América Central fue la prevalencia fue relativamente baja del 2% IgG (n=22), los métodos de diagnóstico se basan en técnicas de ELISA y PCR. Las implicaciones de Parvovirus B19 durante el embarazo afectan órganos internos y externos, además de presentar complicaciones como hidropesía fetal, abortos, muertes fetales, para concluir la prevalencia de Parvovirus B19 en las gestantes es relativamente alta tanto en anticuerpos IgG como IgM, lo cual es una problemática muy preocupante a nivel mundial, por consiguiente, es necesario implementar medidas estratégicas donde se lleven a cabo controles prenatales frecuentes incluido análisis de sangre.
Citas
Abdalhadi A, Abdalhadi I,Babker A, Osman A, Et all. (2024). Comparative analysis of advanced polymerase chain reaction based detection of Parvovirus B19 in first-trimester pregnant women at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Italian Journal of Medicine, 18, 1800. doi:https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1800
Abdelkabeer T, Yassin M, Mohammed N, Khider J, Et all. (2022). Detection of Parvovirus B19 DNA in pregnant sudanese women attending the military hospital using nested PCR technique. AL-Kindy College Medical Journal, 18(2), 144-147. doi:https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i2.788
Akele R, Akinseye J,Abelekum J, Oluboyo B, Et all. (2021). Prevalence of human parvovirus b19 igg and igm antibodies among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at federal teaching hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. African journal of infectious diseases, 15, 10-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v15i2.3
Al Beloushi M, Ahmed B, Saleh H, Et all. (2024). Congenital and perinatal viral infections: consequences for the mother and fetus. Viruses, 16(11), 1698. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111698
Alharmni K, Alkhayat Z, Ahga N. (2020). Seroepidemiology of human parvovirus B19 among pregnant women in Erbil, Iraq. Medical journal of babylon, 17(1), 64-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_81_19.
Alimohammadi M, Mousavi T, Moosazadeh M. (2023). Differential diagnosis on measles and rubella discarded cases highlights a sharp increase in parvovirus B19 infections in Milan, Northern Italy, in the first months of 2024. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 44(2), 103-116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2023.2167520
Alsamarai A, Aljumaili Z, Hassan H, Alsamarai M. (2021). Parvovirus B19 seroprevalence in women with bad obstetric history in Kirkuk. Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry, 20(4), 359-366. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/1871523020666210727142351
Anumba D, Gigi C. (2021). Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy a review. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 264, 358-362. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.046
Aronson S, Guarini L, Celiker M, Et all. (2023). Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of congenital parvovirus B19 induced anemia a case report. Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology, 9(1), 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-023-00164-2
Avval F, Jarahi L, Khazaei M, Davoodian M, Et all. (2021). Parvovirus B19 susceptibility among women of childbearing age: A sero-survey in the north east of Iran. Infection epidemiology and microbiology, 7(2), 155-160. doi:https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.7.2.155
Ayala N, Hunter L. (2021). Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy: A case review. Journal of midwifery & women's health, 66(3), 385-390. doi:10.1111/jmwh.13254
Bertoldi A, Rodríguez G, Salbetti M, Et all. (2022). Human parvovirus B19 infection in a pregnant patient resulting in severe hydrops, foetal death and persistent infection. Microbiology, 4(10), 1-5. doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000428
Bloise S, Radice C, Cocchi E, Mambelli L, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management. Italian journal of pediatrics, 50(1), 261. doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6
Boggio G, Di Cuatro N, Moreno L, Et all. (2024). Human parvovirus B19 vertical infection and hydrops fetalis. A case report. Archivos argentinos de pediatria, 1-6. doi:10.5546/aap.2024-10420.eng
Borgues A, Monezi K, Parciasape F, Guimaraes C, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 infection and pregnancy: Review of the current knowledge. Journal of personalized medicine, 14(2), 139.
Botezatu R, Nitica R, Gică N, Et all. (2022). Parvovirus infection in fetal life case report and recent literature updates. Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25(1), 30-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2022.1.6
Bouraddane M, Warda K, Elkamouni Y, et all. (2023). Parvovirus B19 in Morocco: seroprevalence of immunoglobulin g antibody in pregnant women in Marrakesh. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & amp gynecology, 5(2), 25. doi:https://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog5002025
Bura A, Hussein T, Obaida A,. (2023). Seroprevalence study of Parvovirus B19 among women with miscarriage in Mosul city. Diyala Journal of Medicine, 25(2), 188-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v25i2.1062
Burgard M, Veyrenche N, Fourgeaud J, Et all. (2025). Virological characterization of Parvovirus B19 isolated during the atypical 2023 2024 outbreak in France. The Journal of infection, 90(2), 106409. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106409
Caballero H, Ortiz L, Castañeda A, Et all. (2021). Frequency of risk infections for congenital infection in pregnant women. Acta Pediátrica de México, 42(3), 102-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.18233/APM42No3pp102-1112129
Chatziioannou M, Theodora M, Fasoulakis Z, Et all. (2023). Non immune hydrops fetalis due to Parvovirus B19 infection. A case report. Hellenic Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 22(2), 77-81. doi:10.33574/hjog.0527
Chaurasia T,Chaudhary K, Shrivastava D, Et all. (2022). Midtrimester pregnancy loss in IVF conception due to parvovirus a twisted tale of gravid. Medical Science, 26(125). doi:10.54905/disssi/v26i125/ms314e2321
Çolak M, Karçaaltıncaba D, Koçak A, Et all. (2021). Investigation of human parvovirus B19 positivity by real-time PCR method in pregnant women with fetal anomaly and hydrops fetalis. Turk mikrobiyol cemiy derg, 51(2), 126-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.5222/TMCD.2021.62533
Colazo M, Dicuatro N, Rodríguez Lombardi G, Boggio G, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 en el embarazo: características clínicas, transmisión vertical y análisis genotípico en Argentina. Revista FASGO, 23(3), 1-134.
Cubas Deniss, Suclupe D, Guevara G, et all. (2024). Seroinfection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum, and HIV in a pregnant attending a medical center in northern Peru. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 1, 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8844325
Da Silva Monteiro V, Baía D, Sila V, Et all. (2021). Manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas a la infección por parvovirus B19 en niños inmunocompetentes: serie de casos y revisión sistemática. Journal of tropical pediatrics, 67(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmab078
Dajam M, Alallah J, Talhi Y. (2020). Isolated hypoplasia of the abdominal wall associated with fetal parvovirus B19 infection. Revista BMJ case reports, 13(8), e234848. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-234848
De Paschale M,Cerulli T, Cagnin D,Ceriani C, Et all. (2023). Prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies in pregnant women in northern Benin. ropical medicine & international health, 28(3), 226-231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13855
Deepthi K, Bhojaraja M, Indukala S. (2022). Non-immune hydrops fetalis: a case of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, 11(11), 3215-3217. doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222825
Deka S, Paul M,Badoni G,Kalita D, Et all. (2022). Seroprevalence and determinants of TORCH pathogens in pregnant women in the sub Himalayan region. Revista Cureus, 14(2), e21946. doi:10.7759/cureus.21946
Dicuatro N, Colazo M, Boggio G, Et all. (2024). Seroprevalencia e infección por parvovirus humano B19 en embarazadas de Córdoba, Argentina, 2021-2022. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba, 51(4), 670-685. doi:https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v81.n4.44771
Diculescu D, Ciortea R, Mihai A, Ormindean C, et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy do we screen for fifth disease or not? Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 14(12), 1667.
Dilibe E, Agbakoba N, Ogenyi S, et all. (2022). Molecular detection of human parvovirus B19 DNA amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 16(3), 332-342. doi:https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1290
Ducloux C, Langelé A, You B, Et all. (2020). Enhanced cell-based detection of parvovirus B19V infectious units according to cell cycle status. Viruses, 12(12), 1467. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121467
Gică C, Duminica A, Botezatu R, Et all. (2021). Parvovirus infection and pregnancy. Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 24, 39-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.s.8
Gómez N, Rozas G, Strella H. (2020). Hiperplasia eritroblástica secundaria a infección aguda por parvovirus B19. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 37(6), 775-779.
González L, Mora K,Zamora Z, Et all. (2024). Caso clínico: Hydrops fetal no inmune. Estudios Y Perspectivas Revista Científica Y Académica, 4(2), 155-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a.v4i2.205
Grineva A, Rogozina N, Vasiliev V. (2021). Management of pregnant women with congenital cytomegalovirus and parvovirus infection. Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii, 20(4), 165-169. doi:10.20953/1726-1678-2021-4-165-169
Guadamud E,Valero N, López J, Et all. (2021). Infecciones por TORCH y Parvovirus B19 humano en mujeres embarazadas: implicaciones terapéuticas y de diagnóstico. Revisión Sistemática. Enfermedades Infecciosas, 49(1).
Gudiño A, Pedranti M, Colazo Salbetti M, Dicuatro N, Boggio G, Et all. (2024). Infección por Parvovirus humano B19 en embarazadas y recién nacidos asintomáticos del Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología de Córdoba, 2021-2022. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba, 81. Recuperado el 8 de Febrero de 2025, de https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/46807
Hernstadt H, , Foster C, Fidler S, Randell P. (2021). Tale of two viruses: parvovirus B19 and HIV. BMJ case reports, 14(4), e239153. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-239153
Hoz J, Sáenz M, Otones L, Et all. (2022). Parvovirus b19 infection in children with sickle cell disease, watch out for splenomegaly! A case report. African health sciences, 22(1), 598–601. doi:10.4314/ahs.v22i1.69
Karami A, Emadi P, Hoseini S, Ramazani A, Et all. (2020). Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 Infection by serology and PCR in pregnant women referring to obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(1), 91-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2018.12.001
Lin J, Janssen O. (2021). Postnatal IVIG treatment for persistent anaemia in neonate due to congenital parvovirus infection. BMJ case reports, 14(1), e237393. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-237393
Lui Fprshing, Belanger B,. (2023). Embryology, teratology TORCH. Revista In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Marhamati N, Hashemieh M, Shirvani F, Azimi L, Et all. (2021). Molecular detection of human parvovirus B19 in umbilical cord blood: Case study of Tehran, Iran. Gene Reports, 23, 101183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101183
Massimo D, Cagnin D,Claudia P, Cerulli T, Et all. (2022). Prevalence of anti-parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM and parvovirus B19 viremia in pregnant women in an urban area of Northern Italy. Journal of Medical Virology, 94, 5409-5414. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27963
Mitsiakos G, Katsaras G, Gavras C, Et all. (2022). Parvovirus B19 intrauterine infection and eventration of the diaphragm. Prague medical report, 123(1), 48-55. doi:10.14712/23362936.2022.6
Mohammed S. (2023). Investigation of human parvovirus B19 seroprevalence among pregnant women experiencing spontaneous abortion in Kirkuk city, Iraq. NTU Journal of Pure Sciences, 2(4), 27-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v2i4.591
Mor O, Yitzhaki M, Wax M, Arami S, Et all. (2023). Parvovirus B19 outbreak in Israel: retrospective molecular analysis from 2010 to 2023. Viruses, 16, 480. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030480
Morey M, Camba F, Córdoba C, Et all. (2024). Neonatos con diagnóstico prenatal de hidrops fetal: experiencia durante 10 años en un centro de tercer nivel. Anales de Pediatría, 100(2), 115-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.005
Munyua P, Hunsperger E, Osoro E, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 infection: characteristics of population immunity in the world. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology, 101(2), 259-269. doi:https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-492
Muñiz F, Parra M, Romero A. (2021). Hidrops fetal no inmune por parvovirus. Biociencias, 16(1).
Nordholm A, Sørensen L,Møller F, Ravn S, Et all. (2024). Epidemic of parvovirus B19 and disease severity in pregnant people, Denmark, January to March 2024. Eurosurveillance, 29(24), 1-4. doi:https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.24.2400299
Norozi M, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. (2022). Molecular evaluation of human parvovirus B19 infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women in bushehr province, southern Iran. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 106(5), 1539-1546. Obtenido de Molecular Evaluation of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.
Olejniczak O, Boron D, Kornacki J, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy course of the disease, fetal complications and management tools: a case series and literature review. Children, 11(9), 1037. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091037
OMS. (2020). Organización Mundial de la Salud. Recuperado el 4 de Enero de 2025, de Organización Mundial de la Salud: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11078:2015-cuba-eliminates-mother-hiv-syphilis&Itemid=1926&lang=es.
Paliulytė V, Kielaite D. (2022). Parvovirus (B19) Infection during pregnancy: possible effect on the course of pregnancy and rare fetal outcomes. A case report and literature review. Medicina, 58(664), 1-11. doi:10.3390/medicina58050664
Panah E, Gvozdjan K, Zelman B. (2021). Echogenic intestine: a case of intrauterine fetal demise at term. American journal of clinical pathology, 156, 24-25. doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.046
Patalon T, Trotzky D, Saciuk Y, Et all. (2023). An outbreak of parvovirus B19 in Israel. Viruses, 15(11), 2261. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112261
Peixoto A, Pontes K, Dittmer F, Guimarães C, Bonasoni M, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 infection and pregnancy: review of the current knowledge. Journal of personalized medicine, 14(2), 139.
Pilar M, Moreno L, Colazo M, Amilcar G. (2022). Infección por Parvovirus B19 durante el Embarazo: Caracterización Clínica, Diagnóstico y Recomendaciones para la Detección Temprana. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba, 22(81). Recuperado el 8 de Febrero de 2025, de https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/46663
Renault A, Kieffer F. (2020). Fetopatías infecciosas. Revista EMC - Tratado de Medicina, 24(3), 1-16.
Rodríguez G, Salbetti C, Boggio G, Et all. (2024). Parvovirus B19 en el embarazo: características clínicas, transmisión vertical y análisis genotípico en Argentina. Revista Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba, 81.
Rojas A, Gonzáles,Flores O, Díaz C, Et all. (2024). Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología. Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología, 89(5), 357-364. doi:10.24875/rechog.23000107
Russcher A, Benincà E, Van Boven M, Et all. (2024). Changing epidemiology of parvovirus B19 in the Netherlands since 1990, including its re emergence after the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific reports, 26(14), 9630. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59582-7
Safiyanu M, Umar J, Akande A, Babayo A, Et all. (2021). Serological detection of human parvovirus B19 infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 42(4), 380-392. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2021.1880435
Sanchéz L, Pellicer A, Miranda J. (2023). Infecciones congénitas TORCH y parvovirus B19. Pediatría Integral, 25(7), 364-373.
Şavkli A, Acar Z, Çetin B, Et all. (2020). Perinatal outcomes of intrauterine transfusion for foetal anaemia due to red blood cell alloimmunisation. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of obstetrics and gynaecology, 40(5), 649–653. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2019.1647521
Serrano R. (2023). Prevalencia de infecciones TORCH en mujeres embarazadas del cantón Olmedo: Un llamado a la prevención y control. Estudios Y Perspectivas Revista Científica Y Académica, 3(1), 174-194.
Tassis B,Pampo F, Testa L, Et all. (2024). The 2024 outbreak of parvovirus B19 as a global obstetrical threat insights from an obstetrics referral center in northern Italy. Journal of medical virology, 96(11), e70046. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70046
Tokarska M. (2020). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, varicella zoster virus and human parvovirus B19 among women in the biała podlaska district of eastern Poland. Medical Science Pulse, 13(4), 17-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7160
Vilibic T, Mihulja K,Tabain I, Kolaric B, Et all. (2021). Parvovirus B19 in Croatia: a large scale seroprevalence study. Revista Medicina, 57(1), 1279. doi:10.3390/medicina57111279
Vuković V,Kovačević G, Patić A, Ristić M, Et all. (2024). Seroepidemiology of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection among the Population of Vojvodina, Serbia, over a 16-Year Period (2008–2023). Viruses, 16, 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v16020180
Wang Y, Hedman L, Nurmi V, Ziemele I. (2020). Microsphere-Based IgM and IgG Avidity Assays for Human Parvovirus B19, Human Cytomegalovirus, and Toxoplasma gondii. mSphere, 5(2), 05-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00905-19
Watkins V, Kuller J, Dotters S, Boissiere J. (2024). Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy. Obstetrical and gynecological survey, 79(5), 281-289. doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001263
Yeung A, Leung A, Man E, Leung K, Hon K,. (2020). Congenital infections in Hong Kong: an overview of TORCH. Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi, 26(2), 127-138.