Global knowledge

Identification of risk factors and laboratory diagnosis in chronic kidney disease in adults 25 to 55 years of age

Roberto Raul Piguave Cacao — 2025-05-02

Kidney disease is a common condition among adults with important health consequences if not diagnosed and treated early, risk factors contribute to the development and progression of the disease, laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role in determining the stage of this pathology. The objective was to identify risk factors and laboratory diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in adults aged 25 to 55 years. The methodology applied was narrative, documentary and descriptive review, through the search for information in databases such as NCBI, PUBMED, Google Scholar. The results showed that the main risk factors were diabetes, hypertension, overweight and obesity; the most common tests to evaluate renal function are serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR): the reported prevalence varies widely between studies, in patients whose ages range from 26 to 40 years, it reaches up to 80%. It concludes by stating that it is important to evaluate the risk factors related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as to maintain constant evaluation and monitoring through the multiple clinical diagnostic markers that allow confirming this pathology.

Evaluation of the quality of health services with the servqual and servperf models in different countries. A systematic review

Jonathan Silva Pinto — 2025-06-21

This paper has as its main objective to analyze the behavior of the servperf and servqual instruments in quality-related dimensions, identifying the most significant gap that arises as a result of the review of quality characteristics. This descriptive-narrative systematic review study demonstrates a comparison of the results of Colombia with those of 22 other countries. It uses the main dimensions of the servqual and servperf instruments, comprising tangible aspects such as security, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, identifying the variables that affect users' perceived quality. The dimension that affects the quality of health services nationally and internationally is tangible elements, with 39%. There is a common dimension across all countries that is well perceived by users in favor of the security of the knowledge of the personnel who provide health services. This dimension represents 0% of the variables that affect health quality, regardless of the fact that this variable is evident within the selected data. On the other hand, the variable with the largest gap in user satisfaction with tangible elements at the national and international levels, at 39%, is tangible elements. Constituting the negative perception score, this measures how service nouns are perceived, such as technology, visible communication, and others.

Sport and citizenship: evaluation of the Fair Play code in Mexico

Edgar León-José — 2025-06-10

El Juego Limpio conocido como Fair Play representa en el deporte un principio ético fundamental, con orígenes antiguos, desarrollados y consolidados durante el siglo XIX en varios deportes principalmente en el fútbol soccer y el rugby. Este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal tuvo como objetivo evaluar la percepción de las 10 reglas del Código de Juego Limpio (Fair Play) en el Parque Ecológico Revolución Mexicana de la Ciudad de Puebla, México entre 4 distintos grupos poblacionales. La muestra incluyó 400 participantes adultos divididos en cuatro grupos sociales: (1) estudiantes universitarios de cultura física, (2) población general, (3) deportistas y (4) familiares de deportistas. Se aplicó un cuestionario digital personal utilizando una escala de valoración del 1 al 10 para cada regla del código Fair Play. Los resultados reflejan una alta aceptación general (82%) del código Fair Play, destacando la regla (1 de 10) "juega limpio" con 95%, mientras que la menor valoración correspondió a la regla (9 de 10) disposición de denunciar actos antiéticos (32.5%). Este hallazgo evidencia una barrera en la cultura ciudadana local de denuncia dentro del deporte, a pesar del reconocimiento de los grupos sociales sobre los valores del Fair Play. La infraestructura y contexto deportivo diversificado de Puebla y la presencia y realización de múltiples eventos deportivos refuerzan la relevancia del estudio en contextos locales y la nueva cultura de juego limpio. Se concluye que el deporte en sus ámbitos generales, al fomentar actitudes éticas y ciudadanas, es una herramienta potencial clave en la formación de comunidades integras, sin olvidar y promover conciencia crítica de denuncia frente a las malas prácticas deportivas. Esta investigación aporta evidencia de oportunidad de seguir promoviendo una cultura ética y de convivencia y formación ciudadana sostenida desde el deporte.

Envionmental education in higher education students and its implications for their comprehensive training

Alfonso Corte López — 2025-06-10

The primary function of a university is to train professionals; however, this function must also include the environmental awareness. The objective of this study is to conduct a diagnostic assessment of students at the University of Sonora in order to identify trends in student attitudes toward environmental care. As part of the methodology, a survey was administered to university students in the administration and accounting departments. The instrument was validated using SPSS Statistics, version 25, data editor. The results show students’ interest in topics related to environmental care. While their contribution has been established, an area of opportunity can be seen in further involving students and creating future professionals with comprehensive training.

Agricultural health as a guarantee of food safety in Ecuador. Legal analysis and challenges in its application

Lorena Monserrate Vélez López — 2025-06-10

This research aims to analyze agricultural and livestock health as an essential component for ensuring food security in Ecuador from a legal perspective, based on the premise that access to safe, nutritious, and high-quality food is a human right, one that is supported by the Ecuadorian Constitution as well as by specific regulations within the agri-food system. However, the main issue arises in the effective implementation of current legislation, particularly the Organic Law on Agricultural and Livestock Health and the regulations issued by Agrocalidad, which faces serious challenges. These include the State’s limited capacity for oversight, low compliance with sanitary obligations by producers and sellers, and weak enforcement of sanctions for violations. This situation has allowed the circulation of agricultural products that do not meet minimum health standards, thereby affecting public health and food sovereignty. Although the legal framework clearly establishes responsibilities and control mechanisms, regulatory, institutional, and coordination gaps still persist. This article seeks to identify these barriers, assess their impact on the quality of food consumed by the population, and propose legal and administrative alternatives to strengthen agricultural and livestock health governance in the country.

Assessment of banana rachis biochar as an adsorbent for arsenic in aqueous solutions

Scarlet Karelys Arévalo España — 2025-06-20

Arsenic contamination of water is an environmental and public health problem in the world. The objective of this research is to determine the adsorptive capacity of activated banana rachis biochar in the removal of arsenic in aqueous solutions. Four treatments (5, 10, 15 and 20 grams) and a control were applied in relation to the contact time (1, 2 and 3 hours) at initial pH 3. The biochar was characterized morphologically and structurally using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the percentage of arsenic adsorption was calculated and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the adsorption behavior of the biochar. The results show that using 15 grams of biochar in a shorter time (1 hour) gives adsorption percentage results of 95.14 %. Electron microscopy showed an improvement in the porous structure of biochar after activation. The isotherms indicated that both models fitted better to the treatment with 15 grams of biochar (R2= 0.9989). In conclusion, activated banana rachis biochar is an efficient, economical and sustainable alternative for the removal of arsenic in aqueous solutions, taking advantage of agro-industrial wastes to contribute to the mitigation of environmental impacts.

Impact of conservation policies on mangrove cover in the jambelí archipelago: a multi-temporal analysis with remote sensing

Evelyn Mishel Moran Yangua — 2025-07-11

This study analyzed the effectiveness of public mangrove conservation policies in the Jambelí Archipelago (Ecuador) through a multitemporal analysis of Landsat satellite images from 1991 and 2024. A supervised classification using the Random Forest algorithm was applied, along with the calculation of NDVI, NDWI, and CMRI spectral indices to assess changes in mangrove cover, vegetation vigor, and surface moisture over time. The results showed a net gain of 279.97 ha in mangrove cover (3.23%), attributed to natural regeneration processes and the implementation of community-based programs such as Socio Manglar and the Sustainable Use and Custody Agreements for the Mangrove Ecosystem. Despite this gain, a cumulative loss of 1,868.52 ha was recorded, mainly due to the expansion of 2,173.55 ha of active shrimp farms. Natural regeneration reached an average of 65 ha/year, surpassing the average annual gross deforestation of 56.62 ha/year, resulting in a negative net deforestation rate of –8 ha/year. Qualitatively, NDVI increased (up to 0.65), while NDWI dropped from 0.60 to 0.22, and CMRI values decreased from a 1991 maximum of 1.28 to just 0.10 in 2024, indicating a loss of moisture and an incomplete ecological recovery. The findings suggest that, although the implemented policies have helped slow mangrove loss and allowed a partial recovery of forest cover, they have not yet restored the ecosystem's full ecological functionality. To achieve effective mangrove conservation in Jambelí, it is recommended to strengthen local governance, expand community programs, and implement active restoration strategies.

The amazon as a subject of rights: a systematic review on environmental justice and social identity in secondary education

Christian Felipe Arias Capera — 2025-07-11

The current study was focused on analyzing how the recognition of the Amazon as a subject of rights has been addressed in secondary education, within the framework of environmental justice and the construction of social identity. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted following the seven stages proposed by Newman and Gough (2020). Thirty-six qualitative studies published between 2012 and 2025 were analyzed. Among the findings, critical, intercultural and situated educational proposals were identified that promote the appropriation of the Amazonian territory and its recognition as a subject of rights. These include the inclusion of ancestral knowledge, school environmental projects (PRAE), mainstreaming of the environmental curriculum and teacher training with a socio-environmental approach. It is concluded that it is necessary to rethink environmental education from a critical, territorial and participatory perspective that strengthens the link between students and the Amazon.

The conventionality of informal preventive detention in criminal proceedings

Julio Bonifacio Baquiax Bulux — 2025-07-31

This paper analyzes pretrial detention as a measure that limits freedom of movement, a fundamental right protected by Article 6 of the Guatemalan Constitution. A legal analysis of national and international frameworks was conducted, incorporating doctrinal sources and relevant case law. It was found that although pretrial detention aims to ensure the accused's appearance in court when procedural risks exist, it is automatically applied for certain offenses without individualized judicial assessment. This practice contradicts constitutional principles and international human rights standards. Automatic enforcement undermines effective legal defense and violates the presumption of innocence. It also reflects an excessive reliance on preventive incarceration, disproportionately affecting vulnerable individuals. The article emphasizes the need to align criminal legislation with international commitments. A legal and judicial review is recommended to ensure the protection of personal liberty.

Identification and monitoring of post-covid 19 sequelae and immunological intervention in vulnerable populations over 66 years of age

Dayana Yuley García Pibaque — 2025-07-30

Post-COVID infection has caused widespread desolation and mortality over time. It is important to consider the physical and mental health characteristics that older adults have developed throughout the years, as these play a significant role in how they interact with their environment and how their bodies respond to physiological changes. The main objective of this study was to identify the primary sequelae caused by post-COVID syndrome and the role of immunological intervention in vulnerable populations over the age of 66. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical methodology was applied. The most relevant findings indicated that the age group of 71 to 75 years had the highest representation, accounting for 31.73% (n = 24) of the sample. Additionally, 49.04% of participants were hypertensive, and among the comorbidities, cardiovascular disease stood out with 27.27%. Regarding the relationship between post-COVID sequelae and the test results, the most common sequela was insomnia, affecting the central nervous system, reported in 32.35% (22 participants), followed by arrhythmias at 22.06% (15 participants) and arthralgia with 23.52%. In conclusion, the long-term complications in individuals who survived clinically significant COVID-19 remain uncertain and warrant ongoing monitoring and research.

Mediated social representation of the drag movement

Juan José Domínguez Panamá — 2025-07-31

Recepción: 27 de Mayo de 2025/ Evaluación: 29 de Junio de 2025/ Aprobado: 22 de Julio de 2025

The objective of this work is to analyze the Drag Queen movement over time and describe its normalization from streaming platforms. The methodology used is mixed, based on the observational design, it is carried out through surveys that were applied to people between the ages of 20 and 60 from a non-probabilistic random sampling, since the aim was not to analyze the entire population, and in which we were able to observe the way in which society has looked at Drag Queen people and the effects of the consumption of existing content on streaming platforms. The results obtained revolve around a general awareness of drag queens. There is some acceptance despite 67% not knowing their origins. There is a strong connection with the LGBT community. 70% report little social recognition of drag, and a high religious stigma. However, the streaming content has helped to change people's perspective on the drag world.