Eficiencia, competitividad y sostenibilidad en la industrial 4.0: un enfoque de transformación organizacional
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-0575
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el impacto de estas tres variables en el contexto de la Industria 4.0. La investigación se desarrolló mediante la metodología PRISMA, considerando artículos científicos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 e indexados en la base de datos Scopus. Inicialmente se identificaron 7.439 publicaciones; tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 635 artículos, y posteriormente, mediante un proceso de evaluación de pertinencia y calidad, se conformó una muestra final de 30 estudios para el análisis. Los resultados evidencian que Polonia lidera la producción científica en esta temática. Asimismo, las estrategias más empleadas para fortalecer la eficiencia, la competitividad y la sostenibilidad incluyen el mantenimiento predictivo basado en Internet de las Cosas (IoT), la digitalización y automatización de procesos, el análisis de datos, los modelos Lean de auditoría, la inteligencia artificial, el big data, el aprendizaje automático, los robots móviles autónomos y los modelos multicriterio para la toma de decisiones. La revisión permitió concluir que la adopción de tecnologías propias de la Industria 4.0 incrementa la eficiencia operativa mediante la optimización de procesos y la reducción de costos; fortalece la competitividad al mejorar la calidad de productos, servicios y capacidad de respuesta al mercado; y favorece la sostenibilidad al disminuir el impacto ambiental y optimizar la gestión de la cadena de suministro. En consecuencia, la transformación digital representa un factor clave para que las organizaciones consoliden ventajas competitivas en mercados locales e internacionales. Finalmente, se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer la implementación de herramientas tecnológicas, procesos de formación y metodologías de gestión que faciliten la apropiación de los principios de la Industria 4.0 y potencien un desarrollo organizacional sostenible.
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