El agua como derecho fundamental en latinoamérica: realidades, conflictos y oportunidades
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8654-0164
A través de este estudio se analizaron las realidades, conflictos y oportunidades del reconocimiento del derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento en Latinoamérica en un periodo comprendido entre 2019 y 2024. Además, se realizó un análisis del caso colombiano en los siglos XIX y XX, así como un reconocimiento de las organizaciones sociales que han suplido la ausencia del estado en el sector rural, específicamente en lo que concierne al reconocimiento del derecho al agua. Se tuvo en cuenta que el agua trasciende su función como recurso y se posiciona como un pilar para la dignidad humana y el desarrollo sostenible. Este estudio se fundamentó en la necesidad de determinar la incorporación explícita de este derecho en los diferentes marcos constitucionales de la región, lo cual se ha traducido en la práctica. La metodología que se empleó fue una revisión documental que nos permitió abarcar bases de datos académicos, repositorios de organismos internacionales y publicaciones de la sociedad civil. Los documentos seleccionados debían cumplir con criterios de temporalidad y de contenido. Se utilizaron palabras clave en español, inglés y portugués. Se puede afirmar que el reconocimiento constitucional del derecho del agua constituye un avance jurídico notable en determinadas regiones, pero no ha erradicado las profundas desigualdades en el acceso. La participación activa de los ciudadanos y de los pueblos indígenas constituye un motor esencial para la exigibilidad del derecho con la finalidad de proponer modelos de gobernanza del agua más inclusivos y sostenibles. Materializar de forma efectiva este derecho requiere de una voluntad política robusta, además de recursos adecuados y mecanismos de participación genuinos que puedan trascender la declaración formal.
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