¿Cuánto futuro nos está costando el presente de la inteligencia artificial? Reflexiones sobre uso, consumo de recursos naturales y sostenibilidad
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-6650
La evaluación ambiental de la inteligencia artificial necesita relacionar recursos utilizados con finalidades y resultados. Este artículo analiza críticamente esa relación mediante una revisión documental de selección intencional, con consulta inicial cerrada el 30 de septiembre de 2026. Se articulan dos conjuntos de fuentes: estudios sobre usos, productividad y aprendizaje, y trabajos sobre energía, agua e infraestructura. La integración compara mecanismos y condiciones; no combina sus datos para estimar una huella por usuario. La síntesis muestra que las categorías de interacción describen demanda, mientras la utilidad requiere evidencia adicional sobre resultados. El uso personal puede producir beneficios relevantes, y el uso laboral puede incluir operaciones prescindibles. La intensidad ambiental varía según tarea, modelo, infraestructura y localización. Asimismo, la mejora por operación debe examinarse junto con frecuencia, repetición y expansión del servicio. Se propone la proporcionalidad socioambiental como marco conceptual que relaciona finalidad, beneficio verificable, alternativas, recursos, distribución y seguimiento. El marco carece de validación empírica y evita reducir dimensiones heterogéneas a una puntuación única. La suficiencia se plantea como elección de capacidad y frecuencia adecuadas a una necesidad, con garantías de acceso y revisión. La pregunta por el futuro se interpreta como examen de compromisos ambientales y responsabilidades intergeneracionales, sin anticipar que toda IA sea insostenible.
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