Evaluation of the increase in the availability of basic and secondary public education teachers in Colombia 2002-2017
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7604-0602
The General System of Participations began to be implemented 21 years ago in Colombia to help finance basic services of drinking water, health and education through transfers of resources from the national government to the departments and municipalities. This paper evaluates the effect of transfers from the national government on the availability of teachers in official basic and secondary education in the period 2002-2017 through the student-teacher ratio indicator, which is also used by the OECD. Four regions are constructed (Dynamic, Lagging, Moderate and Declining) that group the 32 departments of the country according to the amount of transfers received for education and the size of their population. When applying a year and department fixed effects methodology for all estimates, the results suggest that for each additional USD$58.2 million of investment per year, the student-teacher ratio decreases by 3 units. Taking into account that the average of this indicator for the period 2013-2017 is 60 students per teacher, the additional investment mentioned would take it to 57. In particular, it is observed that the results come from transfers for educational services that are specifically destined to pay the salaries of teachers and school administrators. The improvement in the student-teacher ratio is not homogeneous in the country, but only in three regions of the four analyzed is there a significant effect on the indicator as a result of the investment in education made.
Barro, R. J. (2001). Education and economic growth. The contribution of human and social capital to sustained economic growth and well-being. Kyklos, 17(2), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1964.tb01835.x
Bernal Conde, H., Rodríguez Soto, J. R.., & Ortegón Guzmán, I. C. . (2020). La composición empresarial y la incidencia en el fortalecimiento misional en las Unidades de Salud de Ibagué USI. Aglala, 11(2), 167–176. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.curn.edu.co/index.php/aglala/article/view/1707
Bird, R. M., & Vaillancourt, F. (1999). Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries. In Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511559815
Bird, R. M. (1984). Intergovernmental Finance in Colombia. Final Report of the Mission on Intergovernmental Finance.
Cavadía, C., Payares, F., Herrera, K., Jaramillo, J., & Meza, L. (2019). Los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje como estrategia de mediación pedagógica. Aglala, 10(2), 212-220.
Constitucion politica de Colombia [Cons.] (1991). Artículo 44 [Título II]. http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/constitucion_politica_1991.html
Diaz, K., Fett, C., Torres-Garcia, G., & Crisosto, N. M. (2003). The effects of student-teacher ratio and interactions on student/teacher performance in high school scenarios. Biometrics Unit Technical Reports; Number BU-1645-M, 1–30. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/32246
Ehrenberg, R. G., Brewer, D. J., Gamoran, A., & Willms, J. D. (2001). Class Size and Student Achievement. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.003
Fergusson, L., Molina, C., Robinson, J. A., & Vargas, J. F. (2017). The Long Shadow of the Past: Political Economy of Regional Inequality in Colombia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932228
Ley 715 del 2001 (21 de diciembre). Por la cual se dictan normas orgánicas en materia de recursos y competencias de conformidad con los artículos 151, 288, 356 y 357 (Acto Legislativo 01 de 2001) de la Constitución Política y se dictan otras disposiciones. Pub. L. No. Diario Oficial No. 44654. http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_0715_2001.html
McDonald, G. (2013). Does size matter? The impact of student-staff ratios. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(6), 652–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2013.844668
Ministerio de Educación Nacional, M. (2017). Guía para la administración de los recursos financieros del sector educativo septiembre 2017 actualización guía no. 8 (Issue 8).
Musgrave, R. A. (2008). Public finance and three branch model. Journal of Economics and Finance, 32(4), 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12197-008-9044-4
Oates, W. E. (1993). FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. National Tax Journal, 46(2), 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41789013
Oates, W. E. (1999). An Essay on Fiscal Federalism. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1120–1149. https://doi.org/10.1257/JEL.37.3.1120
Ortega Neri, H., Pérez Márquez, E., & Acosta De Lira, J. (2020). Competencias del docente, un estudio en la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, México. Conocimiento Global, 5(2), 1-15. Recuperado a partir de https://conocimientoglobal.org/revista/index.php/cglobal/article/view/96
OECD. (2019). Education at a Glance 2019. In Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en
Palacios Rozo, J., Ortiz Quevedo, J., Nuñez Uribe, J., & Porras Rojas, I. (2019). Competencias sociales en docentes universitarios en la ciudad de Bogotá. Conocimiento Global, 4(2), 57-68. Recuperado a partir de https://conocimientoglobal.org/revista/index.php/cglobal/article/view/45
Pérez Madrid, O. (2020). El profesional en formación de la CURN. Reflexiones frente al Covid-19. Enfoque Disciplinario, 5(2), 1-18. Recuperado a partir de http://enfoquedisciplinario.org/revista/index.php/enfoque/article/view/21
Ramírez Elias, G., & Pérez Paredes, A. (2021). Las finanzas personales bajo el impacto de la Covid-19 en México. Enfoque Disciplinario, 6(1), 32-41. Recuperado a partir de http://enfoquedisciplinario.org/revista/index.php/enfoque/article/view/25
Soto, D. (2003). La descentralización en Colombia: centralismo o autonomía. Opera, 3(3), 133–152. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40440862_La_descentralizacion_en_Colombia_centralismo_o_autonomia
Stiglitz, J. (2003a). Globalization and the economic role of the state in the new millenium. Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/12.1.3
Stiglitz, J. (2003b). Globalization and the economic role of the state in the new millenium.
Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/ICC/12.1.3
Stiglitz, J. (2015). The Great Divide. Penguin Uk.
Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and its discontents. Norton.
Teresa Ter-Minassian. (1997). Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice. In Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781557756633.071
Vargas, M. H. F., & Escobar, F. A. C. (2012). El federalismo fiscal y el proceso de descentralización fiscal en Colombia. Estudios de Derecho, 69(154), 235–262. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/red/article/view/18416
Vásquez Duarte, O., García Muñoz, D., & Páez Páez, J. (2019). Conquistando Soacha - Herramientas pedagógicas para intervención de dificultades relacionadas con los dispositivos básicos de aprendizaje. Conocimiento Global, 4(1), 12-25. Recuperado a partir de https://conocimientoglobal.org/revista/index.php/cglobal/article/view/31
Wiesner, E. (1992). ). Colombia: Descentralización y Federalismo Fiscal. Informe Final de la Misión para la Descentralización y las Finanzas de las Entidades Territoriales.
Wolff, E. N. (2000). Human capital investment and economic growth: Exploring the cross-country evidence. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 11(4), 433–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(00)00030-8