Factors driving productivity growth in colombian agriculture. Empirical evidence from 1970 to 2022
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-9509
This study examines the sources of agricultural production growth in Colombia during the period 1970-2022, by decomposing the growth rate based on input accumulation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Using the growth accounting methodology applied to USDA-ERS data, the temporal evolution of these contributions is analyzed across four subperiods. The relative contributions of productive factors—land, labor, capital, and intermediate inputs—to improvements in TFP in the expansion of the Colombian agricultural sector are quantified and analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual growth of the sector was 2.10%, with a contribution of 1.49%, while TFP contributed 0.61%, equivalent to 25.45% of total growth. The analysis by subperiods reveals distinct patterns: Between 1970 and 1989, TFP accounted for 36.48% of growth; This share fell to 26.80% during the period of economic liberalization (1990-2002), fell to a negative contribution of -4.24% between 2003 and 2012, and recovered to 31.33% in the period 2013-2022. It is concluded that the decline in TFP during 2003-2012 coincides with the intensification of the armed conflict, suggesting negative effects on productive efficiency. This underscores the need to reorient policies to improve productivity, investment in research in the sector, and institutional strengthening.
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